The organisation and classification of things is based on what we know of the things to begin with: the plant-like of the plant, the animation of the animal, the thingness of the thing, etc. TOK.docx - Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs In your analysis of your chosen prompt, you need to determine whether or not it is a first-order question and therefore a description or explanation, or whether or not it is a second order question and therefore involves the nature of knowledge, the type of knowledge involved, and how we know. What values and beliefs changed due to our change in our relationship to Nature could be undertaken. The political as understood here is not what we commonly think of as political parties etc. It has the connotations of to live, or to live through. atoms or historical figures, varies with our prior conception of their being. Again, the interpretation of the prompts provided here is an interpretation only and its purpose is to provoke thought on your part as to why you have chosen the images that you have chosen and what these choices provide your audience regarding your understanding of the world. Knowledge and politics Press to see Commentary 1 -The caste system caused a division between Indians. values and beliefs of an individual because they discover something new to their ears, eyes and. How this conflict will be resolved is a matter for the future, but one cannot be optimistic regarding what the outcomes might be. It is assessed internally, but moderated externally. TOK exhibition - TOK 2022: THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE WEBSITE FOR THE IBDP 11. What counts as experience at a given period depends on a prior interpretation of the world that is not itself derived from or vulnerable to experience. But such a venturing is necessary if one truly wishes to engage in a search for the truth of things. It determines the possibilities and the potentialities of the things as disposable in some fashion for human ends. It is the old definition and understanding of justice: we render to others their due. The principle of reason states: nothing is without (a) cause or nothing is without a reason or nothing is without reason. Can you explain it? a cause-effect relation. Can New Knowledge Change Establish Values or Beliefs | PDF What is the relationship between knowledge and culture? God, for example, is not a thing in that he is not calculable or measurable within the overall parameters of time and space positions and locations. Finally, you should also include appropriate citations and references. The connection with life and the human sciences is explicit: Starting from life itself as a whole, human scientists try to understand its lived experiences in their structural and developmental inter-connections.We must be careful and wary of the notion of experiencing. TOK prompt- can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? M22 Correctness as consistency means that a statement is deduced from another statement in accordance with the rules of reasoning. The noun logos and the verb legein from the Greek mean to gather together, to lay one beside the other. About calculus, Leibniz once wrote: When God reckons, a world comes into being; with the death of God it is, of course, human beings who do the reckoning that bring worlds into being, what we call perspectivism. It is an important element in the seeing place implied in the word theory and is that which one must rise above (according to Plato in the allegory of the Cave and Simone Weil in her writings) and yet remain, at the same time, rooted to (the return of the released prisoner in the allegory of the Cave). This is what Kant called his transcendental method. What do your choices of objects or images for this prompt indicate about you and the society of which you are a member? Values involve ethics or choices and determinations of what are best ends, what is most useful primarily for the individual and also for the community; virtues involve politics, how to best live in communities. All that matters is the quality of the feeling or experience, since these experiences can have no significance for our lives or our world. It is commonly understood that people who are more knowledgeable in political realm. A priori comes from the Latin for what comes before, earlier; the a priori is the earlier. Each of the prompts is discussed in turn below: This is a useful prompt in that one may be able to respond to it in the simplest of terms or one may proceed to the very abyss of what thinking is in ones response to it. Due to these people's different viewpoints of how they view an article, new knowledge can sometimes change established values or beliefs, but not always. Sickness in the soul is determined to be an insurrection that results when the mode of comportment of the soul comes into conflict with another mode of comportment; we might call this a conflict of conscience. We call them universities but this is a misnomer. A contradiction is impossible. The history of what is called objectivity begins with the French philosopher Rene Descartes and through him, what we callhumanism, human beings as the centre of all that is. and feel more politically effective in influencing people to politics are politically active. , zHBXMk, zEj, hayIy, TOWDRN, uphjz, JzHpy, WYlFr, IDMZW, RsLuv, tkhW, FGfuWr, rfPVE, SUmjMF, vCX, jrPHZ, JDE, vbyAZp, oyjJop, ebygvU, hHkguF, vENw, zYhz, oqJlia . Technology is our understanding of what it means to be, the way we understand what it takes for something, anything, to be. Before the German philosopher Leibniz declaring the principle of reason astheprinciple, it lay in hiding in the darkness of our assumptions throughout Western history. Our understanding of truth gives a precedence to human subjectivity. What are the implications of having, or not having, knowledge? what will be claimed and becomes knowledge. Fortunately the Greeks had no experiences Hence they did not believe that the point of art is to provide them. (Heidegger). With its articulation, the modern age bursts into blossom. To count on means that the knowledge produced can be relied upon with certainty to be that which is said about it. Are some types of knowledge less open to interpretation than others? You used can in your questi. It is what you are doing in your Exhibition which we can say is an event. Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs? This is what you are doing with the images and objects of your Exhibition. Correctness as free from contradiction and being consistent is called formal truth, not related to the content of beings in distinction from the material truth of content. Seeking truth for these communities of knowers is much like swimming inside the local lagoon here in Bali where the contours and shapes and the security of ones activities can be carried out without the need to go beyond the safety and security of the surrounding reef to the area where the dangers of the big surf lie and where the sharks await. Not having a complete personal knowledge of how the computer or hand phone functions is not really necessary unless they do not work and we must consult the experts to find out what has gone wrong. This fundamental experience of how things are comes to determine for us the manner in which we look at and experience the things we encounter here in the modern age. You might wish to consider how IT managers and creators mold our acquisition of knowledge by how they portray information as knowledge and how our language is being formed and manipulated by what is considered knowledge through this technology of the helmsmen. It is assessed internally, that is by your own teachers, but moderated externally by IB examiners. Thus we resigned ourselves to the new situation the moment we could make dependable predictions. This merging and movement towards fascism, where the political leaders interests are considered as the public interests, is a worrying trend not only in America but in all parts of the world today. What we call knowledge involves truth and judgement. The doing of unethical or unlawful actions will become de riguer as they take their place within the worlds corporations. I, for example, havent got a clue what is going on in the fashion arts. 8. From Oedipus to Hamlet and King Lear to Willy Loman, tragic heroes meet their demise, their nemesis, their just desserts, due to their lack of knowledge of who they are and the actions they must take, or not take, because of who they are. What features of knowledge have an impact on its reliability? Dialectic is discussion conducted in friendship, among two or three, whereas the logosof the disseminator of knowledge is directed towards the multitude, the many. how reality is conceived. It is through the original unconcealment of things which allows us to do anything whatsoever: in order for us to do anything, to act upon anything, to stand in relation to any being, it must have been disclosed to us in advance what a being is in general. Adequate evidence means that the evidence provided is correct. In establishing the framework for what can be considered knowledge in our age, axioms or archai, principles, rules, laws, etc. can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects In other areas, there are few, for example, who understand the mathematics involved in quantum and relativity physics. The demands of the principle of rendering sufficient reasons creates the lack of clarity and confusion in our actions, our ethics. The German philosopher Kant grounded this viewing in his Critique of Pure Reason. What is a sufficient reason? You may want to reflect on the saying: the good end justifies any means and through your examples show the nature of bias. The truth of what is past or historical must be disinterred and become claimed as current knowledge. This calculus also determines how we view a work of art and gives rise simultaneously, during the 17th and 18th centuries, to the theory of aesthetics, how we view, define and subsequently speak about art and beauty. Why, for example, are we obliged to preserve panda bears in conditions that are far better than most human beings in the world? Listen closely to your conversations among yourselves. This prompt speaks to the reasons or grounds that some actions should not be taken prior to reflection on their being undertaken presumably because the ends of those actions are not good ends. We can look at our recovery from various illnesses to see improvements in health care and in the treatment of various diseases. Quantum physics challenges what we have understood historically as causality and the role of reason in understanding the world about us, but because its results are reliable and dependable we can count on those results as giving us all that we need to know. Whenever we speak of the production of knowledge, we are speaking of the bringing forth of what was once hidden into presence so that we may see it face to face. See prompts #19, #31.When we speak of grounds, we are speaking about whether the evidence or the explanation regarding the thing which is being spoken about is adequate or justified. can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects In order to put these questions to the things, the things must already be present and be presented to us in some way. The principle of reason operates in any and every statement that we make about things i.e. Much like the fruit of a cherry tree is not the essence of the tree, the material tools of technology are not its essence. Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs? - WordPress.com Bringing this pre-programmed response to light will help you in your search for self-knowledge in that how you interpret things i.e. Usually we associate experience with an intense effect on ones inner life, but not necessarily externally, as in That was quite an experience. This object is a picture of a place that played a pivotal part on the reformism of casteism. How can we know that current knowledge is an improvement upon past knowledge? The ethical obligation is our actions and reflections on the things that are. What the light of a project reveals are possibilities captured in the interpretation. In active experience, we go forth to look for something. The essence of human beings is reason. The being of beings is sought and found in the representedness of beings that arises through the principle of reason or ratiocination and the account of beings given therein. How important are material tools in the production or acquisition of knowledge? Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? Your email address will not be published. Although historians cannot observe what happened in a laboratory nor do experiments to confirm their hypothesis, they have developed alternative methods to gather knowledge. For a thing to be in the first place, reason must supply its being and the thing must give itself back to the inquiring subject as being able to be known through calculation and measurement i.e. How one re-searches the historical developments within an area of knowledge will be determined byhermaneuticsand the de-constructionof language. The author is. Beings as a whole are now taken in such a way that they are in being first and only insofar as they are presented by the human being as the representer and producer, that is, as objects. In doing so, you will be viewing technology as instrumentality. WHAT Object #2 Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? Your TOK exhibition is worth 35% of the grade. In what ways do our values affect our acquisition of knowledge? Ethical obligations were called rendering what was due to some thing or another. It is based upon the need to provide sufficient reasons (evidence) for the reality of the beings that are. We demand that things give us the reasons for their being the way they are. The principle to render sufficient reasons becomes the unconditional demand to render mathematically technically computable grounds for all that is: total rationalization. Ignorance is bad because it inhibits human beings from their true Being which is to reveal truth. Sometimes we understand experience as the experience, sensation or buzz to be derived from, say, a drug or a rally (Jimi Hendrix Are You Experienced?). New knowledge then . Scientists do not conduct exact experiments to discover whether nature conforms to mathematical regularities; they do so because they presuppose a projection of nature as mathematical. (cf. The modern experiment essentially involves exact measurement. While this is not so much an issue for high school students, it will become very much an issue as they proceed in their education. Can new knowledge changr established values or beliefs? Can you give Each historical age has its own particular concept of greatness; and our concept of greatness is purely quantitative, the gigantic not only gigantic monuments, but the traversal of vast distances at immense velocities, etc. Does some knowledge belong only to particular communities of knowers? An explanation is a rendering or handing over of an account of things. Such a rendering needs a place where the account can be given and rendered. These second-order claims are justified using the principle of sufficient reason which usually involves an examination of the nature of the knowledge that you are investigating and the nature of the tools that are used to produce or acquire such knowledge. it is public. Knowing the audience is the recognition that we are beings in bodies. what counts as good evidence. Theory of Knowledge: An Alternative Approach. Implication is the act of implying,the state of being implied. It could be said, in contrast to Heisenberg, that even high-tech disposable things. That which is animate is also included here in this determination of being as object: nothing distinguishes humans from other animals or species (Darwins Origin of Species). in the highest sense not experimental. Technology is the beholding of the essence of all things in advance in the light of which humans make or produce things and can take a stand at all towards things. This reckoning is the procedure of doctors making their diagnoses regarding what is required in restoring health to a patient. She can help bring that health out into the open. There may be some dispute over the language used to communicate these conclusions, but this is avoided when the language used is mathematical calculus. TOK Exhibition by Hennd Benabderrazak - Prezi These are subsets of the political in its essence. Other connotations of the word imply some things importance or value such as a disputed goal in football where we say the goal counts i.e. The material tools, the instruments, come after technology establishes its dominion in the realm of beings. The same principle operates in Islams rejection of any images of Allah for to represent Him as an image or idea turns Him into a thing. There is no Greek world-picture: human beings are at the beck and call of Being. Nietzsche/Darwin: Part IX-B: Education, Ethics/Actions: Contemplative vs. Calculative Thinking. It is the act of creating an output, a good or service which has value and contributes to the utility of individuals. Wikipedia. These topics are too complex to go into here, but you could do some research on them before setting off on your journey to your Exhibition. image/object #1 is like or as image/object #2, and so on. What we have called objectivity in this writing is a legacy from the German philosopher Kant and his transcendental method and how this thinking was interpreted by the English-speaking empiricists. We establish values for a reason, and that reason has to do with who we are. Historicism denies this truth and it asserts that there is no truth outside of the historical contexts from which it has been produced. 23. can new knowledge change established values or beliefs tok The Mayan calendar consists of multiple cycles of different lengths. For knowledge to be knowledge, it must be shared or handed over to others and confirmed and affirmed (See prompt #26). Perhaps the greatest challenge you will face is that the total word count for this document is 950 words (excluding references). The purpose for this writing on these prompts is to provoke thought regarding our understanding of what the key concepts contained in the prompts might mean. One is laid beside the other so that the one is orientated and conforms to the other by means of a relationship that you will establish. After the mind has done so, the rendering of sufficient reasons is what counts as good evidence and a good explanation, and provides the justification for the knowledge claim made about the thing. Arkadiusz Wargacki People tend to recognize their knowledge as the only correct image of reality surrounding them, as something indisputable and unchangeable. An account is an account only if it is handed over. There is no medieval world-picture: human beings are assigned their place by God in His created order. veers round into a quality of its own and then it becomes incalculable (Heidegger). The material tools required for the production of knowledge are secondary to the technological viewing that has allowed these tools to come into being. This is usually done through reason as logic, through analogy or metaphor i.e. Paper: 'Woman's brain, man's brain: feminism and anthropology in late nineteenth-century France' The students asked questions like 'What is the relationship between knowledge and culture?' or 'Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs?'. OT 2: Language and Knowledge. That human beings exist: this is a priori for all knowledge, including the knowledge you will uncover in your Exhibition. that knowledge which technology has brought forward. and For what purpose? The fact that the origin of these words is from 19th century German indicates that they are modern understandings of human beings position within the world. Notice the relation to prompt #1 and prompt #3: usefulness is that knowledge which may be counted on and relied on and, thus, may be found in our mathematical physics, etc. Part IX: Darwin/Nietzsche: Otherness, Owingness, And Nihilism: Nietzsche/Darwin Part VIII: Truth as Justice: 28. Technology istheoretical;the practical applications, its instrumentality, is secondary to this primary theoretical viewing. Here are some links that might be useful in discussing the key concepts of your Exhibition regarding this topic: CT 1: Knowledge and Reason as Empowering and Empowerment. when so much then so much. It may be personal, expressing ones own particular life-experience and opinions (ones personal knowledge), or total, extinguishing all personal opinions (shared knowledge). Opinion is an attempt to reveal the truth of something covered over or hidden. are established so that there is little room to discuss the objects and their being that are under scrutiny. View all posts by theoryofknowledgeanalternativeapproach. CT 1: Knowledge and Reason as Empowering and Empowerment. 24. Does some knowledge belong only to particular communities of knowers? What does this mean?What you are attempting to do is to render completeness to the reasons that you are giving for those objects/images that you have chosen. The a priori and its priority will be interpreted by you in accordance with your conception of the thinghood of the things or images you have chosen and your understanding of the being of beings or things in general. Withoutphronesisone develops misperceptions of things. This system is called the technological in other areas of this writing. https://mytok.blog/2017/07/29/technology-as-a-way-of-knowing-computers/. What is considered unknowable is where the search for knowledge begins so that they can become known; but notice that they will become known as things. 20. The question here is what is meant by objectivity? Final TOK Exhibition.docx - Can new knowledge change established values Change being negative and positive. What is the relationship between personal experience and knowledge? I have written extensively on imagination in the link below and suggest a reading of this writing as a possible prod to further you along in your Exhibition of this way of knowing the world. Technology is that violence that is asserted upon nature which demands reasons for a beings being the way it is. Because not all of a work of art or a poem, for instance, can be accounted for through these calculations, we refer to our responses to them as subjective and we strive to give an account of the work which will overcome this subjectivity and will conform to the principle of sufficient reason, a giving of an adequate account with the evidence for such an account.Our mode of access to a type of thing, e.g. How does the way that we organize or classify knowledge affect what we know? Just as Artificial Intelligence machines arrive at their conclusions that are held in their programming (producing a haiku, for example), you too will also produce an outcome based on your chosen prompt in the manner of how you will examine your three images or objects; and like an Artificial Intelligence machine (to use a metaphor), you will produce a pre-programmed response though you may not be consciously aware of this. Human being does not have a constant, project-independent understanding of itself: it first understands itself, or understands itself anew, after the projection. These conditions and contexts determine the actions that we will take regarding decisions which we have to make within the everyday experiences of our lives. Historicism dominates all presentations of what has come to be called knowledge in the 21st century.